Documentation for routine permutations assembled from the following types:

class List

From List

(List) routine permutations

Defined as:

multi sub    permutations(Int()    $from --> Seq:D)
multi sub    permutations(Iterable $from --> Seq:D)
multi method permutations(List:D:        --> Seq:D)

Returns all possible permutations of a list as a Seq of lists:

.say for <a b c>.permutations;
# OUTPUT: 
# (a b c) 
# (a c b) 
# (b a c) 
# (b c a) 
# (c a b) 
# (c b a)

permutations treats all elements as unique, thus (1, 1, 2).permutations returns a list of 6 elements, even though there are only three distinct permutations, due to first two elements being the same.

The subroutine form behaves the same as the method form, computing permutations from its first argument $from. If $from is not an Iterable, coerces $from to an Int and picks from a Range constructed with 0..^$from:

.say for permutations 3;
# OUTPUT: 
# (0 1 2) 
# (0 2 1) 
# (1 0 2) 
# (1 2 0) 
# (2 0 1) 
# (2 1 0)

class Any

From Any

(Any) method permutations

Defined as:

method permutations(|c)

Coerces the invocant to a list by applying its .list method and uses List.permutations on it.

say <a b c>.permutations;
# OUTPUT: «((a b c) (a c b) (b a c) (b c a) (c a b) (c b a))␤» 
say set(1,2).permutations;
# OUTPUT: «((2 => True 1 => True) (1 => True 2 => True))␤»

Permutations of data structures with a single or no element will return a list containing an empty list or a list with a single element.

say 1.permutations; # OUTPUT: «((1))␤»